I am a graduate student specializing in Environmental and Natural Resources Policy at the University of Colorado in Boulder. My interests include water policy, urban sustainability, global environmental politics, and advancing environmental justice.

Education and CV

University of Colorado - Boulder Masters of the Environment Candidate

University of Nevada -Las Vegas Bachelor of Arts Social Science Cum Laude

An Experience with Climate Change

During the Texas freeze of 2021, I experienced firsthand the vulnerability of infrastructure and communities in extreme weather. Navigating power outages and water shortages deepened my understanding of climate resilience and the urgent need to for equitable energy and emergency planning.

Houston Texas

2021

In February of 2021, I was a first-grade teacher in Houston, TX. During the COVID pandemic, all my teaching was online. Without 22 little bodies running around the classroom, it felt cold. Like, it was literally cold. Cold in south Texas is usually a welcome creature, so everyone was excited when the local weather forecasters began salivating over the possibility of a freeze and even a dusting of snow. There was chatter about being able to work from home instead of our cold classrooms. Tuesday morning, we woke up to a slight dusting of snow, 17 degrees, and no power. No online teaching for me! The no-power thing really wasn’t all that surprising. We would frequently not have power. No one ever really knew why; construction was the usual scapegoat.

The kids were ecstatic. We found the box of snow gear, wool sweaters, outdated ski coats (some way too small), and the sleds. We hopped in the car to check on our good friends whose souls were born in Louisiana and not Colorado. We bundled them with our extras and headed to the area's one hill to sled. While the kids were living their best lives, we realized the power had been off for a while. Perhaps we should start to check on the water pipes.

The house, normally kept at 68, was now in the 50s. We opened all the cabinets where the pipes were in to keep them warm. We began letting the water drip in all the faucets. We pulled the grate off the bottom of our gas fireplace to see if there was a way to ignite it without the electrical switch. Hallelujah, you could, and it only required 2D batteries. We covered the windows with blankets.

The next day, for whatever reason, our tiny little section of the neighborhood had power for 90 minutes. We charged our cell phones. By the evening of the second day, everyone was becoming cranky. After checking in on friends, we heard we had the warmest house. So, despite being in the middle of the pandemic, we invited two families to stay with us. Our house was 54 degrees, and their houses were in the low forties. We had a giant slumber party with candlelight and camping lanterns. The adults played cards and drank some wine. The teenagers gossiped, the kids ran amuck, and the three dogs tolerated each other. Four out of the six adults were teachers. We hadn’t heard much from our district about when we would return to work.

Cell service was very spotty, and family members outside of our frozen zone were becoming concerned. The news was not painting a beautiful picture. By the third day, temperatures had warmed. Our pipes were fine, but many friends and neighbors had burst pipes and flooded houses. We were told to boil water. Power was rolling. We would have power for 60-90 minutes, then gone again for eight hours.  This went on from Tuesday until Sunday. Some schools in the district were damaged, so we didn’t return until Wednesday the 17th.

We were hearing that people had died from hypothermia and carbon monoxide poisoning, that Texas had been dangerously close to having the entire power grid shut down for months, and that it was ALL the wind turbine’s fault.

Now, I am practical and understand that Texas’ climate is generally hot and humid. Buildings are built to allow heat to escape. Yet, despite being warned in 2011 that the power grid desperately needed to be upgraded, it was not. Greg Abbott was on TV blaming ERCOT, and ERCOT blamed the Texas Railroad Commission. No one wanted to discuss how El Paso, part of the national grid, did not lose power. All sources of power struggled during the extreme cold. I lived in Broomfield in 2013. I remember the floods, they damaged my house. Unlike in Colorado in 2013, the messaging from Texas officials and the Trump administration was infuriating. None of it made logical sense, and it just seemed like climate change denialism and propaganda. The freeze itself, how poorly it was managed, and how nothing seemed to change were the catalysts for me to begin researching environmental policy.

Featured Projects

My featured projects explore critical aspects of urban sustainability, water scarcity along the Colorado River basin, bee sustainability, and legislative research, analysis, and advocacy. They include in-depth analyses of federal and state environmental policies and infrastructure strategies, with a focus on innovative solutions and equity-driven outcomes. Deliverables are available upon request.

Project Samples

Improving Teacher Pay through Solar Panel Installation

School districts have historically been short of money. On March 20th, 2,000 teachers were predicted to rally at Colorado’s State Capitol. Boulder Valley School District, Summit County, and Adams County have canceled classes for the day. Denver Public Schools will be closing some of their schools. Many other big districts, such as St. Vrain, Cherry Creek, Jefferson, and Douglas County, are on spring break this week, so it remains to be seen how many of these schools will have teachers attending the rally. Governor Polis shifted school funding from a five-year rolling average to an annual pupil-in-seat count. According to districts, this will leave them with a $150 million budget cut. Adams 12 said it would leave their district with a $13 million deficit. Despite the widespread budget shortfalls, there is hope on the horizon. With federal and public scrutiny over school district expectations at an all-time high, some districts are turning to solar panels as a solution. These panels have the potential to significantly lower energy costs, freeing up funds for other critical needs. The use of solar panels in K-12 schools has more than quadrupled in the last decade, with over 11% of students now attending schools that utilize this cost-saving technology. Schools can significantly reduce energy costs by generating their power.

Sustainable Land Use Practices

Traditional development practices have been recognized by industry professionals, academics, and conservationists for having a slew of negative impacts on health, resource management, and wildlife. Many municipalities in Colorado have already begun to incentivize more sustainable development practices, but participation is voluntary. Prescriptive regulation would standardize development practices, facilitate better incentives, and help develop more sustainable urban environments.

Western water scarcity is a critical issue driven by increasing demand, prolonged droughts, and the impact of climate change. States in the western United States, which rely heavily on overallocated resources like the Colorado River, face growing challenges in balancing agricultural, municipal, industrial, and ecological needs. The crisis is exacerbated by aging infrastructure, inefficient water use practices, and legal frame works that were designed in an era of assumed abundance. Western water scarcity requires transformative policy changes.

Gunnison Sage Grouse ESA Listing

The Gunnison Sage Grouse (GUSG) is considered an indicator species for the sagebrush ecosystem of southwestern Colorado and Eastern Utah at elevations of 5,000-7,000 ft.[i] The highest density of GUSG occurs within the Gunnison Basin in Gunnison County, Colorado. Habitat requirements for the Gunnison Sage Grouse require large expanses of sagebrush with a diversity of grasses, forbs, and insects for both food and cover.[ii] Male grouse conduct very elaborate courtship displays on very specific breeding ground called leks which are returned to year after year. Ongoing habitat destruction and fragmentation has led to low genetic diversity with overall GUSG populations estimates at 3,220 to 3,950 birds.[iii] In 2014 the US Fish and Wildlife designated the GUSG as threatened. Natural and manmade factors such as: livestock grazing, land surface disturbance, avian predators, high loyalty to lekking sites, noise aversion, and susceptibility to West Niles Virus all negatively impact GUSG. [iv], [v]

An endangered listing gives the most protection under the ESA from “take” of a species, defined in the ESA as “to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct.” A threatened listing gives more flexibility for wildlife management; under section 4(d) of the ESA more or less protections can be given to a species listed as threatened.

[i] (Colorado State University 2024)[ii] (Young 2015)[iii] (Cornell Lab of Ornithology n.d.)[iv] (Western Colorado Ecological Services Field Office 2019)[v] (Erik M. Molvar 2014)

Western Water Scarcity and Necessary Policy Changes

An Act Respecting Alien Enemies

An Act Respecting Alien Enemies since 1798 has allowed the United States government to intern or restrict enemy aliens during a time of declared war. It is codified as 50 U.S.C. §§ 21-24. The act is commonly known as Alien Enemies Act was part of series of legislation, the Alien and Sedition Acts, enacted during a tumultuous post revolution period where a nation was figuring out their governing system.  In the early years of the United States, Framers of the Constitution such as James Madison "viewed as fundamental the distinction between alien enemies and alien friends." "The Act states any invasion or predatory incursion perpetrated, attempted or threatened against the territory of the United States," when the President shall make a proclamation of the event, all "natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of the hostile nation or government" over the age of fourteen "shall be liable to be apprehended, restrained, secured, and removed as alien enemies." The Act authorizes the President to determine as to enemy aliens, the manner and degree of the restraint to which they shall be subject and in what cases, and upon what security their residence shall be permitted, and to provide for the removal of those who, not being permitted to reside within the United States, refuse or neglect to depart, and "to establish any other regulations which are found necessary in the premises and for the public safety." In 1918 Congress amended the act to include women who could then have the distinction of alien enemy.

Under Construction

Please check back Summer 2025 for more projects.

Traditional Knowledge

In this video, I discuss the crucial role of honoring traditional knowledge for a just and resilient future, with a focus on water management. I emphasize the diverse significance of water beyond its economic value, highlighting its ecological, social, spiritual, and cultural importance to us. I stress the need for equity, access, and usability in projects involving indigenous communities. I present a case study of water management in the Nicola Watershed, showcasing collaboration between indigenous tribes and the provincial government based on indigenous laws and Western science. I advocate for the recognition of indigenous water rights, the protection of traditional systems, and the elevation of indigenous leadership for sustainable water management in the face of climate change. Join me in exploring how we can work together to ensure a sustainable future for all.